Filament-mounting.



Witnesses:

Ed av $.Gardner, v

E. S. GARDNER. FILAMENT MOUNTING.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 2a, 1910.

1,001,382, Patented Aug. 22, 1911.

Inventor:

His fittorneg UNTTED @TATES UFFTCE.

EDGAR S. GARDNER, 0F ACQUAGKANONCK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO GENERALELECTRIC COMPANY, A. CORlORATION OF NEW YORK.

FILAMENT-MOUNTING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented l\ll"'. 22, 1911.

Application filed December 28, 1910. Serial No. 599,691.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDGAR S. GARDNER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Acquaclmnonck, county of lassaic, State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in l ilament-ltlountings,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to filament mounting, and its object is an improvedmounting which possesses various desirable characteristics and issuitable for filaments and other conductors.

Among the advantages which may be secured in a mounting constructedaccording to my invention are: first, the mounting of a great length ofconductor in a small space; second, avoidance of risk of shortcircuiting and of breakage; third, facility as regards the applicationof the conductor to its supportingsystem; :lourth, an arrange ment oflamp filaments which will give a good distribution of illumination, and,in particular, special concentration of the illumination when desirable.Other advantages will hereinafter appear.

My invention is very useful in incandescent filament electric lamps. Ihave hereinailter particularly described a construction embodying itthat is well suited for this purpose, referring to the conductor as atilament and to the apparatus in which it employed as a lamp; but myinvention can be otherwise carried out and applied. It may be used toadvantage with filaments of tantalum, tungsten, or any other materials,and especially with materials of high conductivity.

The accompanying drawing gives a view of one embodiment of theinvention, the same being shown as bro-ken away from the globe andremoved therefrom for clearness of illustration.

The filament system or mount here shown comprises a plurality ofcarrying elements or arms of iron, nickel, copper, molybdenum or othersuitable material (due regard -for the material of the filament being ofcourse had in the selection of the material of the arms) having suitablefilament-engaging portions and projecting from a suitable supportingmember R. The member R is shown as mounted crosswise on a member orstandard T; but it may obviously be arranged to form a longitudinalprolongation of the member T ii. desired. The member T is itself shownas secured to the ordinary glass stem M by which the currentsupplycouduetors Z, Z are introduced into the lamp. The members 1t andT, or R, T, and M, may :lor-convenience be regarded as in effectconstituting a single supporting member.

The arms or warriors a and (Z at opposite ends of the filament systemare shown as forming groups or sets A and D respeclively, the carriers abeing shown as very short and the carriers (Z as relatively quite long.The intermediate carriers 6 and c are shown as -forming groups B and C.In each of these groups B and C the carriers are shown as varying asregards projection of their filament-engaging portions from the memberR. As shown, moreover, successive carriers in each oi the groups B and Cditfor in character as re ards projection of their filamcnt-engagingportions from the member R (except in a single instance hereinafter setforth); and in the particular structure illustrated the carriers inthese groups are (with one exception) relatively long and shortalternately, so that when the system is viewed end-on, thelilament-cngaging portions of the carrier in each of these appear asstaggered. Furthermore the relatively long carriers in each of thegroups B and C are shown as intermed iatc in length between the carriersof the same character in the neighboring groups, and the shortercarriers as varying from group to group in like manner. F or the purposeof this statement and with the illustrated arrangement of: the filamenton the supporting system, it is convenient to re gard the carriers 4 asshort and the carriers (Z as long. The long carriers and the shortcarriers of each of the groups B and C are shown as making somewhat diftterent angles with the member R, and their Filamentengaging portionsare shown as lying in planes a short distance apart and (with exceptionto be hereinafter noted) as facing toward each other; but it will beunderstood that the filament-engaging portions of the carriers of eachof these groups may lie in the same plane and face away from each other.etc. The carriers of all the groups are shownas projecting fromrelatively narrow zones in the length of the member R, and,specifically, as fused into glass enlargements or disks on the memherIt.

On the supporting system are arranged the filament lengths or sectionsf, f, f (shown as slightly crimped) These filament sections may beregarded as forming sets or banks F F F From its connection with the end1 of the left-hand current lead Z, the filament extends to the engagingportion 2 of a short carrier projecting from the side of the member R towhich the member T is secured, thence back to a similarly located shortcarrier thence to the long carrier 6 adjoining it on the left, andthence, finally, on back to a carrier a It is then wound back and forthin a clockwise direction between the carriers a and the long carriers 6,finally passing forward from the carrier (6 via the short carrier 6(adjoining the short carrier 5 mentioned above on the right) to a longcarrier c, (adjoining the short carrier 0 hereinafter mentioned on theright). It is then wound back and forth counterclockwise between thelong carriers 0 and the short carriers Z). It next passes from the shortcarrier 5 via the long carrier c (adjoining the short carrier 0mentioned above on the left) to a carrier (Z It is then wound back andforth clockwise between the carriers (Z and the short carriers 0,finally passing from the short carrier 0 (adjoining the short carrier 0mentioned above on the right) to the filament-engaging portion 40 of theright-hand current lead Z and being suitably secured thereto. To avoidconfusion of the drawing, only the carriers herein specificallymentioned have been marked with their appropriate subscript letters; butthe filamentengaging portions of all the carriers have been marked withtheir proper referencenumerals in order that the filament may be easilyfollowed throughout its entire length. It will be understood that thefilament-engaging portions of the various carriers may have the form ofhooks while the filament is being applied to the supporting system andthat such hooks may afterward be closed to form eyes; also that thecarriers may be bent and manipulated after the filament has been placedon them, and that their original angles with the member B may be alteredso as to bring the filament sections to a proper degree of tautmess. I

In the drawing the groups A and D are shown as containing the samenumber of carriers and the groups B and C as each containing the samenumber of long carriers as the groups A and D- and a number of shortcarriers which is one greater than the number of long ones. Accordingly,there are in each of the groups B and C two short carriers (5 6 and c 6respectively) without an intervening long carrier, these short carriersprojecting from the side of the member It on which it is secured to themember S. The short carrier 5 and the long carrier 0 however, areemployed for the transmission of the filament from the bank F to thebank F and from the bank F to the bank F as above described; and inconsequence of this and of the employment of the carriers 0 and Z), forthe transmission of the filament between the lefthand current lead andthe bank F the bank F contains (including the transmission section 2-3)one filament section less than either of the banks F and F The number offilament sections in the several banks could be made the same by bendingthe left-hand current lead Z in the opposite direction from that shownand leading the filament from it directly to the long carrier 6 Thiswould allow the filament to extend from the short carrier 5 to the longcarrier 0 back to the short carrier 6 and then to pass forward via theshort carrier 0 to the bank F thus giving three filament sections 2627,273, and 32 in place of the two sections 23 and 2627. It will be notedthat two of the transmission carriers-the short carrier 0 and the longcarrier 0 adjoining it on the left-are shown as facing in directionswhich are the opposite of those in which the other carriers of theirrespective characters face.

It will be observed that according to the arrangement illustrated thefilament banks F F F are more or less nearly conical; that these banksare successively somewhat larger; and that the small base of one bankand the large base of the preceding bank are juxtaposed. The progressiveenlargement of the banks is, of course, due to the progressively greaterlength of the carriers in successive groups; by a suitable proportioningof the carriers, individual banks of any desired shape or any desiredsuccession of banks can be obtained. The succession of the preceding andsucceeding banks of increasing size with bases respec tively large andsmall juxtaposed is due to the stringing of the filament between theshort and long carriers respectively in preceding and succeeding groups:the progressive relation between the bases could be reversed byreversing the mode of stringing, the carriers a and (Z being thenregarded as long and short respectively. For reasons which will beapparent to those skilled in the art, however, the relation shownpossesses greater advantages.

Any number of filament banks from two up may be employed. It is to beunderstood, of course, that the number of carriers in the several groupsmay vary in a variety of ways, and also the arrangement of the carriersin a group. WVith the particular type of filament system shown, for

example, the number of carriers may increase as the banks growlarger--the result of course being an increase in the number of filamentsections in successive banks, whichmay in some cases be desirable. Moreover, a group of filament carriers which vary in length can beadvantageously embodied in filament systems or mounts ot many types andemployed in various ways; and such a group of carriers on this accountitself a very useful device in the art, aside from any particulararrangement ot filament sections with reference to it.

It will be observed that except where the filament passes from thecurrent leads to the banks i and i and between adjacent banks, thechange in the direction ot the filament at the carrier betweencontiguous sections is in every case very considerable,--so that evenwhen the filament (as shown in the drawing) is continuous at thesepoints, such sec tions are almost entirely independent of each other asregards behavior under shock or vibration and there is little tendencyfor two sections to vibrate or move in unison. llence the strain towhich the filai'nent is subjected by vibration is a minimum, and it issupported in the most e'llicient manner and with the least risk ofbreakage. The arrangement of neighboring 'l'ilament banks tot" whateverform) with large and small bases juxtaposed results in thoroughseparation of the adjacent ends of the filament sections in such banksand. elimination of any risk of short circuits occurring be tween them;and it is therefore especially advantageous when the carriers supportingthe adjacent ends of such filament sections are arranged, as shown, soas to allow the filament sections in neighboring banks to overlapsomewhat. The overlapping of banks and their conical :torm tend towardcompactness and concentration of the luminous lilament in a smallcompass. The conicalv form of the filament banks also makes possible avery good end-on illumination from the filament system. 'lhe mount asillustrated lends itself very advantageously to uses in whichconcentration, evenness, or

symmetry of the source ot light is desirable, as, :t'or example,stereopticon work or the like.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is,-

il. in a filament mount, the cmnhination ot a plurality of groups otfilament carriers of varying length projecting from a suitablesupporting member, and a plurality oi banks of filament sections mountedon said anriers, the filament sections oil each bank ex tending betweenoppositely 'lacing carriers in adjacent group.

2. In a filament mount, the combination ot a plurality of successiveconical banks o't filament sections, the large and small bases ofsuccessive banks being juxtaposed.

3. in a filament system, the combination oil a plurality of groups ol?filament carriers projecting from a suitable supporting member, and aplurality of banks of filament sections supported by said carriers, theadjacent ends of the sections in neighboring banks being supported bycarriers which vary as regards projection :t'rom the said member.

4t. The combination of a plurality of groups of filament carrierssuitably spaced apart, and a plurality ot filament sections mounted onsaid carriers in a plurality of banks, the adjacent ends of the sectionsin neighboring banks being supported by carriers ot a single group whichare of ditl'erent length and the carriers by which corresponding ends ofsuccessive banks are supported being of the same character as regardslength.

A filament; supporting system compris ing a plurality o't groups offilament carriers suitably spaced apart, the filamentougaging portionsot the carriers in every group except the end ones being staggered.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 27th day otDecember, 19m.

EDGAR S. GARDNER.

Vitnesses S. lV. lvnrrnnimn, J. 11. Emtnss.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of lacents, Washington, I). C.

